Engine air filters are mounted in the air intake system to catch dirt and other particles that could damage internal engine parts. They’re usually made of paper (some are made of cotton or other materials) and should be replaced according to your manufacturer’s maintenance schedule. A dirty or clogged air filter will restrict air going into the engine, which in turn restricts the amount of fuel injected. The EPA says the main result is a loss of acceleration, with minimal impact on fuel economy. Most modern cars also have a cabin air filter that catches dirt, debris and some allergens in the air that goes through the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Cabin air filters also need periodic changing, sometimes more frequently than engine air filters.
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